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1. Real estate: Refers to the general term of real estate and real estate (also known as real estate).
2. The three forms of existence of real estate:
Pure land, simple houses, and a complex of land and houses
3. The characteristics of real estate:
a. The fixed location of real estate (land cannot be moved, and houses cannot be moved);
b. The regional differences in real estate (the value of each property is different);
c. The high value and durability of real estate (expensive, permanent land);
d. The preservation and appreciation of real estate (currency depreciation, property preservation, currency appreciation, property appreciation);
4. Real estate: It is the general term for a house and its rights (such as possession, use, income, disposal, etc.).
5. House classification:
a. Functional use: residential housing (residential area, high-grade residential building), industrial housing (factory building, warehouse), commercial housing (facade, shopping mall), office housing (office building), administrative housing (military, school and other units and cities);
b. Building structure: steel structure, reinforced concrete structure, brick concrete structure, brick wood structure, and others;
c. Ownership ownership: public housing (directly managed public housing, self managed public housing, etc.) and private housing;
6. Real estate: The general term for land and its rights (rights to use, benefit, transfer, etc.).
7. Land classification:
a. Development and utilization: raw and mature land;
b. Building functions: building land and non building land;
c. Usage: residential land, commercial service land, industrial land, warehousing land, municipal public facilities land, transportation land, green land, special land, etc;
8. Real estate industry: refers to the industry engaged in real estate development, operation, management, and services. Including:
a. Land development;
b. Building construction, maintenance and management;
c. Paid allocation and transfer of land use rights;
d. Purchase, sale, and lease of property ownership;
e. Mortgage loan loan;
f. Real estate market;
9. Land use right: refers to the right of land owners to use the land according to its classification (referring to the right to manage, utilize, and benefit from the land in accordance with the law). Common ownership of land takes two forms: collective ownership and state ownership. a) Rural land adopts collective ownership and belongs to the collective ownership of farmers; b) Urban land adopts the form of national ownership and belongs to the whole people; No individual can acquire ownership of land.
Land use acquisition methods:
Transfer: Free use, such as municipal construction projects such as schools, hospitals, military land, airports, etc;
Transfer: Obtaining the right to use the land for a fee from the state, through agreements (such as 2 to 2.5 million yuan per acre), bidding (proposing a base price, obtained based on the purpose and price of use), and auction (obtaining the higher price through legitimate channels provided it is not illegal);
10. Real estate market:
a. Primary market: based on land (also called land market and land transaction market);
b. Secondary market: after obtaining the land, the developer will invest in a certain amount of bonus construction and transfer the property right to the demander through compensation or gift (the market for buying and selling new commercial houses);
c. Third market: the re circulation of housing in the consumer market, including: buying and selling, mortgage, transfer, lease (second-hand housing);
List of Good Structure in the Real Estate Market:
Market Title
Primary market
Secondary market
Third market
appellation
Land use right transfer market
Land use right transfer market, incremental commercial housing market, housing Primary market, etc
Land use right transfer market, stock commercial housing market, second-hand housing market, housing Secondary market, etc
market subject
Government, development enterprises (investors)
Development enterprise and owner
owner
Market Objects
right to use state-owned land
Incremental commercial housing
Existing commercial housing, sold old public housing, private housing
Trading method
Auction, bidding, agreement
Sale, rental, etc
Purchase, lease, exchange, etc
11. Land use right transfer: refers to the act of the state, as the owner of the land, transferring the urban land use right to the land user according to the specified land use period, purpose, and urban planning conditions, and collecting land use right transfer fees from the land user. The two parties involved in the transfer transaction are the state and the land use unit or individual.
12. Land property rights: including land ownership, Superficies, Easement, Hypothec, pawn right and lease right.
Superficies: refers to the right to build houses on other people's land at the cost of paying rent. Its essence is the right to use land;
Easement: refers to the right to use other people's land for their own use;
Hypothec: refers to the right of the land use right holder to use the land as collateral to obtain bank loans or other guarantees within its effective term of use;
Leasehold right: refers to the land use right holder renting the land to others for profit during its effective use period, and the lessee obtains the lease right of the land;
13. Land use term: refers to the period of time that the state transfers the land use right to the land user, and both parties agree that the land user can use it.
1) Term of land use right transfer:
a. Residential land for 70 years;
b. 50 years of industrial land, education, technology, cultural and health, sports, and comprehensive or other land use;
c. 40 years of commercial, tourism, and entertainment land use;
PS: If the usage needs to be converted, the price difference between the years and the land price should be compensated, and if specified by the country, it should be followed;
2) How to handle the expiration of the land use term:
a. The state has the right to unconditionally reclaim the land;
b. The main building is not classified as a dangerous building after being inspected by the quality control department;
c. The existence of the project does not affect urban planning or the appearance of the city. As long as the land transfer fee is paid to the government, it can continue to be used.
PS: In the case of complete existence of clauses b and c, the service life shall be purchased at the current land price, and the service life shall be determined by the government. Otherwise, it shall be unconditionally recovered;
The property types of commercial housing include residential, office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, and markets.
15. The pre-sale system of commercial housing: five certificates and two books
Five certificates: "State owned Land Use Certificate", "Construction Land Planning Permit", "Construction Engineering Planning Permit"
Construction permit for Construction Project, Pre sale Permit for Commercial Housing
Two books: "Quality Assurance Letter", "User Manual", and "Two books" can serve as supplementary agreements to the sales contract of commercial housing, and are legal documents and guarantee documents provided by real estate development enterprises to the buyer when the commercial housing is delivered and used, to assume quality responsibility for the commercial housing residence.
16. Unfinished buildings: Refers to properties that have not been completed and have been suspended during construction. The main reasons for the completion of the real estate project are insufficient funds, serious quality issues in design and construction, and extraordinary construction.
17. Louhua: refers to buildings or houses that have already started construction but have not yet been completed. It refers to the buildings on the drawings, which are in the initial stage of construction, have a long time to leave for delivery, have favorable prices, and can be resold after purchase to earn a price difference.
18. Boutique: buying and selling houses that have not yet been built. (Currently, the government has regulations that commercial housing is not allowed to be transferred for 5 years and a 5% business tax is paid to control speculation.)
19. Pre sale housing: refers to commercial housing that meets pre-sale conditions but has not yet been completed and delivered for use. (Low price, large selection space, complete unit types, able to supervise building materials, quality)
20. Existing house: refers to a commercial house that has been accepted by the engineering quality supervision department and has obtained quality certification documents, and can be delivered for use. (Buy and stay, high prices, outdated unit type, limited choice space)
21. Affordable housing: refers to the commercial housing sold to the majority of low - and middle-income families at a low profit (commercial housing with social security nature is economical and applicable). Not everyone can buy it, but it must meet the conditions set by the local government and be purchased through queuing. Changsha Fangkou, aged 25 and above, purchased at an economic price within 65 square meters, purchased at a commodity price beyond 65 square meters, and can only be resold after 5 years.
22. Second-hand house: A house that has completed the property ownership certificate and is ready for further transfer. Others include: public housing, private housing, fund-raising housing, HLM, resettlement housing and other welfare housing.
23. Sincere Money: Refers to the refundable amount received by a developer from a customer before obtaining a pre-sale certificate for a commercial house (usually with a discount commitment from the developer).
24. Deposit: refers to a certain amount of currency (which can guarantee the creditor's role) that the parties agree to be paid by one party to the other party as collateral for the creditor, and cannot be returned.
25. Deposit: cannot guarantee the creditor's role and can be refunded.
26. Entrance: The first entrance to a room, the opening area.
27. Apartment: refers to a building with two or more floors for multiple households to live in.
28. Pure office building: a building designed to provide office activities for daily operations of various companies.
29. Comprehensive building: a building that integrates home, office, shopping mall, and collection.
30. Commercial and residential: SOHO, integrating home and office.
31. Villa: Refers to a garden dwelling built in the suburbs or scenic areas for rest and accommodation, TOWNHOUSE (joint venture villa, single row villa).
32. SHOPPINGMALL: A one-stop shopping area that integrates shopping, entertainment, and leisure, originating from the United States (also known as the sixth commercial format).
33. Property management: refers to the act of a professional company or institution, accepting the commission of the owner (or user), honestly and professionally managing the property, and providing efficient and thoughtful services to the owner (or user).
34. Property management content: management and maintenance of houses and their ancillary equipment; Implement management of cleanliness, hygiene, security, public greening, public facilities, roads, etc. within the housing area; Provide other comprehensive or contracted services to the owner. Property management belongs to the category of community management.
35. Owners' Meeting: refers to an organizational form composed of all owners within the property management area, who have decision-making power over property management within the area.
36. Owners' Representative Conference: An organization composed of owners' representatives within the property management area, which has decision-making power over property management within the area.
37. Owners' Committee: An organization composed of representatives of owners within the property management area, representing all owners to implement autonomous management of the property. It is elected by the owners' congress or representatives.
38. One time payment: refers to the payment method in which a homebuyer pays the entire purchase price to the selling unit in a lump sum when purchasing a commercial house without enjoying a policy loan.
39. Installment payment: After the buyer signs the contract, the purchase price will be divided into several proportions and paid in installments according to the time period or construction progress (for pending properties). When the property is delivered, the full payment will be made.
40. Bank mortgage: refers to the method of obtaining a house purchase loan by using a house purchase contract or property rights as collateral. That is, when the buyer purchases a house, they provide a pledge document to the bank for guarantee. After the bank approves it, they obtain a partial loan of the total price of the house. According to the mortgage agreement, they repay the principal and interest of the loan to the bank on time, and provide real estate as a guarantee for repayment of the loan (generally, the purchase contract and property certificate are used as collateral, and the house: 720 years; the facade: 510 years or 6-10 years).
41. Housing provident fund: "Full name of housing provident fund" refers to the funds deposited by government agencies, state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, urban private enterprises, and other urban enterprises and institutions and their employees in accordance with national regulations, specifically used for housing consumption (facade not acceptable). Deposit ratio: The deposit ratio shall not be less than 5% of the average monthly salary of the employee in the previous year. Cities with conditions can appropriately increase the deposit ratio; Payment method: Firstly, it is paid by individual employees; The second is to be deposited by the employee's unit;
42. Personal housing provident fund loan: refers to the loan that employees who have participated in the housing provident fund system apply to the housing provident fund management center for new purchase or other Housing tenure as collateral due to insufficient funds when purchasing, building, rebuilding and overhauling their own housing.
43. Deed tax: refers to a one-time tax levied on the property owner at a certain proportion of the house price based on the contract signed by the parties when the ownership of the house changes (2% for ordinary residential buildings and 4% for non ordinary residential buildings).
44. Public maintenance fund: refers to the maintenance and upkeep fund for public parts and public facilities and equipment of residential buildings (ordinary residential buildings: 2%; elevator rooms and storefronts: 3%).
45. Raw land: refers to agricultural or wasteland that has not been developed and has not yet developed into construction land conditions.
46. Starting price: The "starting price" refers to the lowest selling price among all properties in the property (generally referring to the price of buildings with poor layout, orientation, and layout, with a price difference of tens to hundreds of yuan per floor).
47. Base price: The "base price" refers to the basic price per square meter of commercial housing determined through accounting. It is specific to the pricing method of real estate and is not related to the starting price (prices vary depending on the floor and orientation).
48. Average price: refers to the average selling price of the property. The average price per square meter can be obtained by dividing the sum of the selling prices of each house in the property by the sum of the building areas of each unit.
49. Cost price: refers to the price measured based on the average cost of constructing public housing when selling public housing in the housing system reform.
Including: A. Land acquisition and demolition compensation fees; B. Survey and design and preliminary engineering costs; C. Construction and installation engineering fees; D. Infrastructure construction fees for residential communities; E. Management fees; F. Loan interest; G. Taxes;
2、 Basic knowledge of architecture:
1. Three connections and one leveling: refers to the water, electricity, access roads, and land leveling carried out during land development.
2. Seven connections and one leveling: water supply, drainage, electricity, communication, gas, heating, road access, and land leveling.
3. Floor area: The area within the red line.
4. Building area: Refers to the sum of the horizontal projected areas of each floor above the plinth of the external wall (column) of a building, including balconies, cantilevers, basements, outdoor stairs, etc.
5. Sales area: Refers to the sale of commercial housing by units, and the sales area is the sum of the internal building area purchased by the buyer and the shared building area that should be shared.
6. Usable area: refers to the sum of the net areas directly used by residents for daily living on all levels of a residential building (in housing sales, the use area is generally not used to calculate the price).
7. The standard of shared area: refers to the area of public building space in the commercial housing that should be allocated into the sales area in the sales of commercial housing, which consists of two parts: 1) indoor and outdoor stairs, internal and external corridors, public lobby, passageways, elevators, power distribution room, equipment floor, equipment room, structure conversion floor, technical floor, air conditioning machine room, fire control room, and duty Guardhouse serving the whole floor, Garbage rooms inside buildings, as well as stairwells, elevator rooms, water tank rooms with protruding roofs and enclosure structures; 2） The separation between the unit and the public building space, as well as the horizontal projected area of the exterior walls (including gable walls).
Sharing coefficient of public building area: the sum of public building area/indoor building area.
8. Usable area: The balance of the building area after deducting the public shared area.
9. Rental area: Residential buildings are calculated based on their usable area, while non residential buildings are calculated based on their building area.
10. Building area inside a commercial housing unit: refers to the total building area of each part inside the unit.
Building area inside the set=usable area inside the set+wall area inside the set+balcony building area
Building area inside the building=usable area inside the building/usable area coefficient of the standard floor
11. Floor area ratio: total building area/total land area (the Floor area ratio of multi-storey buildings is about 3, that of high-rise buildings is 5, that of super high-rise buildings is 7, that of villas is about 0.3-0.45, and the lower the Floor area ratio, the better the home environment, the higher the unit price, and the higher the quality; the higher the Floor area ratio, the lower the unit price, and the lower the quality)
12. Building density: sum of base area/total floor area * 100%
13. Greening rate: refers to the ratio of the green area within the planned construction land range of the project to the planned construction land area.
Formula: Vertical area of vegetation/occupied area * 100%
14. Green
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